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"Consummatum est"
Négyszáz éve történt Németalföld devolúciója a spanyol koronára (1621) - Habsburg Albert főherceg személyének jelentősége a magyar alkotmánytörténet felől nézve
LIKTOR Zoltán Attila
megbízott oktató (PPKE JÁK)
Németalföldnek, mint "ősi hitbizománynak" visszaháramlása a spanyol koronára látszólag ugyan messze van a magyar alkotmánytörténet horizontjától, közvetetten azonban, éppen a szoros dinasztikus kapcsolatok mentén a magyar trónbetöltés rendjére is hatással volt. Nemcsak Albert főherceg személye, aki kiváló példa a Madrid és Bécs közötti 16-17. századi látványos összeköttetésre, de maga a jogintézmény, a hitbizomány is jelentőséggel bír még a hazai alkotmánytörténet felől nézve. A spanyol királyoknak az azt hosszasan tárgyaló végrendelete, a különböző családi egyezségek és II. Ferdinánd császár-király testamentuma (1621) számos átfedést mutat e téren. Mindez közvetetten a magyar trónbetöltés rendjét, az elszőszülöttséggel kreált örökös királyság elfogadását, illetve a Pragmatica Sanctio és az 1723. évi I-II. tc. is összefüggésbe hozható ezzel a spanyol jogintézménnyel.
Kulcsszavak: Magyar Királyság, Habsburg-ház, Habsburg Monarchia, Spanyol Monarchia
"Consummatum est"
The devolution of the Law Countries to the spanish crown (1621) – the importance of the person of Archduke Albert of Habsburg from the aspect of the History of Law of Hungary
Zoltán Attila LIKTOR
lecturer (Pázmány Péter Catholic University)
The devolution of the Low Countries to the Spanish Crown is well know in the international historiography, but it has never been analized from the aspect of the legal history of Hungary. The territory of Flanders was part of the Spanish Monarchy, but in 1598 the monarch Philip II decided to cede the sovereignty over the Habsburg Netherlands to his daugther Isabella Clara Eugenia and his nephew (the future husband of the princess) Archduke Albert, after decades of war and warfare against the dutch rebels without any success. The donation was signed by the monarch under strict conditions, the Act of Cession did however stipulate that if the couple would not have children, the Netherlands would return to the Crown of Spain as ancient majorat. It also contained a number of secret clauses that assured a permanent presence of the Spanish Army in Flanders. The couple had three children who died at a very young age, so at the moment of the death of Archduke Albert in July of 1621 there was no legitimate successor, the territory returned to the Crown of Spain. Although Archduke Albert was "candidate" non official for the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia nominated by the spanish monarch during the 1610's, finally he resigned from his claim to the both thrones in the favor of his nephew Archduke Ferdinand II. The funeral procession for the archduke was celebrated in Brussels during the spring of 1622 with imperial luxury as he could have been emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. The long negotiation between Madrid and Viena, the process afected the legal approach of Emperor Ferdinand II, his last will of 1621 shows exactly the effect of the spanish majorat approach.
Keywords: Kingdom of Hungary, House of Habsburg, Habsburg Monarchy, Spanish Monarchy
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